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Medicina preditiva: o uso de dados na antecipação de diagnóstico de doenças Por: Thiago Vieira

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Recentemente tratamos sobre os três principais tipos do que chamamos de medicina preventiva neste artigo, chegou a vez de darmos um passo além e trilharmos uma linha para a tecnologia e apresentar um novo conceito: a medicina preditiva. Em sua obra Medicina do Amanhã, o Dr. Pedro Scheastatsky, apresenta o conceito fazendo uma analogia ao filme hollyodiano Minority Report, que utilizava inteligência artificial para prevenir crimes antes que eles ocorressem. Parece papo futurista, mas está cada vez mais próximo!

Temos um exemplo prático do uso dessa tecnologia nacionalmente, também citado no livro. Foi o caso do arquiteto de sistemas paranaense, Jacson Fressatto que, após a prematura morte de sua filha por sepse (uma infecção generalizada), criou um software batizado de “Laura” que checa as informações clínicas e laboratoriais a cada 3,8 segundos, repetidamente, e quando percebe algum risco emite um alerta à equipe médica. Em três anos, o sistema reduziu em 25% a mortalidade hospitalar onde foi implantado e já se conectou a mais de 1,2 milhão de pacientes, segundo o livro.

Este é apenas um caso das aplicações da Inteligência Artificial e do Aprendizado de Máquina (o chamado Machine Learning) na área de saúde com o foco em antecipar sintomas e, guiado por dados, fazer os profissionais e as próprias pessoas terem as melhores decisões.

Os dispositivos vestíveis como aliados

Os smartphones foram a primeira camada de revolução ao integrar várias possibilidades num só aparelho. Hoje, uma série de aparelhos (gadgets) inteligentes são utilizados para monitorar e integrar dados a centrais (softwares) para conseguir gerar ainda mais informação. O próprio do Dr. Shestatsky disse:

Os dados formados pelo próprio paciente formam um verdadeiro Big Data Humano que serve de “combustível” para que algoritmos possam dar sugestões de tratamentos que serão depois revisados por médicos de carne e osso.

Através de todos esses dispositivos vestíveis (como os smartwatches) seremos capazes de gerar esse “combustível” e gerar cada vez mais insumos para hábitos, diagnósticos e tratamentos personalizados. Não se trata mais de recomendações genéricas como “beba três litros de água por dia”. E sim, a partir do seu peso, altura, constituição física e histórico, recomendar a quantidade ideal exata de água a ser ingerida por dia. E isso para alimentação, atividade física, sono e uma série de outras questões.

Histórico na palma da mão

Outro benefício da medicina preditiva é a construção de um histórico real do paciente. Que vai desde dados básicos, histórico familiar, exames passados e, até mesmo, do próprio material genético (DNA) gerando uma visão muito mais ampla das possibilidades de diagnóstico precoce. Nesta senda, inclusive, o DocHealth surge como um aliado na medicina preditiva. A partir da importação de exames e a inserção de dados de diversas fontes (os gadgets) geram-se cada vez mais dados que, com inteligência artificial aplicada, podem garantir que o futuro distante seja encurtado com cada vez mais velocidade.

Quer fazer parte dessa revolução? Então baixa o nosso aplicativo!

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